Lekunutu la Letlalo le Tloso ea Letheba

1) Lekunutu la Letlalo
Liphetoho tsa 'mala oa letlalo li susumetsoa haholo ke lintlha tse tharo tse latelang.
1. Likahare le kabo ea li-pigment tse sa tšoaneng letlalong li ama eumelanin: ena ke eona pigment e ka sehloohong e khethollang botebo ba 'mala oa letlalo,' me mahloriso a eona a ama ka ho toba khanya ea letlalo. Har'a batho ba batšo, li-granules tsa melanin li kholo ebile li ajoa ka bongata; Har'a batho ba Asia le ba Caucasus, e nyane ebile e qhalane ho feta. Pheomelanin: e fa letlalo mmala o mosehla ho isa ho o mokgubedu. Likahare tsa eona le kabo ea eona li khetholla molumo o mofuthu le o pholileng oa 'mala oa letlalo, mohlala, Maasia hangata a na le melanin e sootho e phahameng. Li-carotenoids le li-flavonoids: Tsena ke li-pigment tsa kantle tse nkiloeng lijong, tse kang lihoete, mokopu le lijo tse ling tse nang le beta carotene e ngata, tse ka kenyang 'mala o mosehla letlalong la lamunu.
2. Lintho tse ka har’a hemoglobin maling a letlalo li bitsoa Oxyhemoglobin: Oxyhemoglobin, e leng ’mala o mofubelu o khanyang ’me e le ngata letlalong, e ka etsa hore letlalo le shebahale le phetse hantle ’me le phetse hantle. Deoxyhemoglobin: Hemoglobin e se nang oksijene e bonahala e le khubelu e lefifi kapa e pherese, 'me ha karolo ea eona maling e phahame, letlalo le ka bonahala le le lerootho.
3. Ho phaella linthong tse ling, ’mala oa letlalo o boetse o susumetsoa ke ho potoloha ha mali, khatello ea oxidative, maemo a lihomone le maemo a tikoloho a kang ho pepesehela mahlaseli a kotsi a UV. Ka mohlala, mahlaseli a kotsi a etsa hore melanocyte e hlahise melanin e eketsehileng ho sireletsa letlalo hore le se ke la senyeha.

2) Lekunutu la pigmentation

Mabala, a tsejoang ka bongaka e le maqeba a pigmentation, ke ts'ebetso ea ho fifala ha 'mala oa letlalo. Li ka ba le libopeho tse fapaneng, boholo, le mebala, 'me li na le tšimoloho e fapaneng.

Mabala a ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang:
Li-Freckles: hangata matheba a manyane, a hlalosoang hantle, a 'mala o bobebe a sootho a hlahang sefahlehong le libakeng tse ling tsa letlalo tse hlasetsoeng khafetsa ke letsatsi.
Matheba a Letsatsi kapa Matheba a Botsofali: Matheba ana a maholo, ho tloha ka 'mala ho tloha ho sootho ho ea ho o motšo,' me hangata a fumanoa sefahlehong, matsohong le libakeng tse ling tsa batho ba lilemong tse bohareng le ba hōlileng tse kileng tsa hlaseloa ke letsatsi ka nako e telele.
Melasma, e tsejoang hape e le "matheba a moimana," hangata e hlaha e le mabala a sootho a bosootho sefahlehong a amanang le liphetoho maemong a lihormone.
Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH): Ena ke pigmentation e entsoeng ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha pigment ka mor'a ho ruruha, e atisang ho bonoa ka mor'a hore makhopho kapa tšenyo ea letlalo e fole.

Mabaka a liphatsa tsa lefutso a kenya letsoho ho thehoeng ha 'mala: Mefuta e meng ea mebala, joalo ka li-freckles, e na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlakileng tsa lelapa. Ho pepeseha ha mahlaseli a ultraviolet: Mahlaseli a ultraviolet ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa mebala e fapa-fapaneng, haholo-holo mahlaseli a letsatsi le melasma. Maemo a Hormone: Boimana, lithibela-pelehi, kapa mathata a endocrine kaofela a ka baka liphetoho maemong a lihomone, a lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea melasma. Ho ruruha: Ntho efe kapa efe e bakang ho ruruha ha letlalo, joalo ka makhopho, ho sithabela maikutlo, kapa ho hanana le 'mele, e ka etsa hore ho be le pigmentation ea post inflammatory. Litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi: Lithethefatsi tse ling, tse kang litlhare tse itseng tse thibelang malaria le chemotherapy, li ka etsa hore 'mala o be teng. 'Mala oa letlalo: Batho ba nang le letlalo le lefifi ba atisa ho ba le mebala e feteletseng.